Navigating the Web with Screen Readers: It's More than Arrow and Tab Keys This video is posted online with the following chapter markers: Chapter 1. Primary Navigation Chapter 2. Links Chapter 3. Headings Chapter 4. Forms Chapter 5. Tables Chapter 6. Landmarks & Regions Chapter 7. Tabs Chapter 8. Browser Keys Chapter 9. NVDA Keys Description of graphical content is included between Description Start and Description End. Transcript Start [Silence] [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Navigating the Web with Windows Screen Readers (JAWS & NVDA) Content: February 2, 2016 3:00pm – 4:00 pm Presented by Jim Allan, Accessibility Coordinator jimallan@tsbvi.edu Description End: Narrator: Navigating the web with windows screen readers; JAWS and N-V-D-A, February second, 2016; presented by Jim Allan, Accessibility Coordinator; jimallan@tsbvi.edu. [ Slide end: ] Chapter 1. Primary Navigation Jim: My name is Jim Allan. [ Title Start ] Jim Allan Accessibility Coordinator - TSBVI [Title End ] I'm the accessibility coordinator, here, at the Texas School for the Blind, and I've been doing web and accessibility stuff since about 1997. [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Primary Navigation Content: • Tab • Arrow Keys Description End: So navigating the web... with a Windows screen reader. Most people use the tab key and the arrow keys, and that is their sole method of navigating a web page. [ Slide end: ] Those are useful, but they're highly inefficient, and what we want to do today, is go through some of the other ways you can navigate a page that will make your students, and perhaps yourself, if you're a screen reader user, more efficient. We will also be using some additional keys that are just part of any browser on Windows, that will help you a lot-- move around documents on the web. The thing that we want to prevent is just not being a 'tab pusher' or a 'down arrow key pusher.' That's just something we don't want our students to do, we want them to be really much more efficient. [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Expanded Navigation Content: • Links • Headings • Forms • Tables • Landmarks/Regions • Tabs • Browser Keys Description End: So we're going to be talking about expanded navigation today. Some of the things that we're going to cover are navigating with Links-- there's lots of things that we can do with links-- navigating with Headings, finding our way around Forms and... having dinner at the Table. Ha. [ Laughter ] We're going to navigate our tables, and there's lots of ways we can do that, and get a lot more information than if we just went through them with an arrow key. I think that you are sensing a theme here, that arrow keys are- are not our friend. Then we'll be talking about Landmarks and Regions, which are new things on web pages that will really help you... navigate around, if the page is done properly. Then we'll talk about dealing with Tabs, not the tab key, the tabs on your browser that look like the little folders tabs up on the top. And then the last thing we'll be talking about, some browser keys, which are handy keys to jump around quickly to different areas on the screen. [ Slide end: ] The first thing that we're going to do is the links. [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Resources Content: • JAWS Keystrokes (dequeuniversity.com/screenreaders/jaws-keyboard-shortcuts) • NVDA Keystrokes (dequeuniversity.com/screenreaders/nvda-keyboard-shortcuts) • Surfing the Internet with JAWS and MAGic (www.freedomscientific.com/Training/Surfs- Up/_Surfs_Up_Start_Here.htm) Description End: So at the bottom of your handout are three links to documents. A one page cheat sheet for all of the handy JAWS keys that you would need, and a one-page cheat sheet for the NVDA keys that would be useful for you. Both of those are provided. The other thing that's there, the last link on the page and these are some of the pages that we're going to be using today, is-- Freedom Scientific, the makers of JAWS, have thoughtfully provided a tutorial called Surf's Up, surfing the web with JAWS and magic. And they have lots of explanatory text, and... really... useful test pages, so you can try out all of the things that they are telling you about. They're going to go more in-depth than the stuff that we are going to do today. [ Slide end: ] Chapter 2. Links So, the first thing we're going to do is the links. [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Links Content: Links Practice Page (www.freedomscientific.com/Training/Surfs-Up/Jims_Cafe.htm) • Tab Key • U - Unvisited Links • V - visited links • Enter - Open link in same tab • Control+Enter - open link and move to New Tab • Control+Shift+Enter - open link in New Tab, stay on same page • Insert+F7 - List of Links (NVDA Insert+F7, Alt+K) • N - next non-link text Description End: I going to just review, quickly, the keys we're going to go over. Most of you know, that... we use the tab key to jump between active elements on the web page. Now an active element can be a link, be it visited or unvisited, or it can be some sort of form control. But when you hit the tab key, it just jumps to all of them... in order on the page. JAWS had a couple of keys, you can-- if you need an unvisited link, you can type a U and jump between those, or there's a visited link. So, you know, it's like there's that little trail of purple links, visually, that you find on the page. It's like wait, I know, I've been there, yeah, and now I'm going to go to this one, and then this one. Well, you can do the same thing with JAWS, and find the links that you've already been to. And then you can... hit the enter key to open link in the same tab, or if you need to open that particular link in another tab, and leave this tab open, you can do that, too. And we'll look at all of those. So now we're going to switch to our links practice page. [ Slide end: ] [ Computer screen: ] Description Start: Content: Links Practice page (www.freedomscientific.com/Training/Surfs-Up/Jims_Cafe.htm) Description End: I had nothing to do with this. This-- the title of this Jim's at Innisport cafe is something that Freedom Scientific has been using for about 10 years, so this is not related to me at all. Let me fire up JAWS here. [ Computer screen end: ] One of the handy features in JAWS is that you can always get a links list, you don't just have to tab through the page to find the links, you get a links list with an insert F7. [ Title Start ] Insert+F7 List of available Links [Title End ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of pratice page with the Links List dialogue Description End: JAWS: Links list dialogue. Links list view. Reputation... Allan: And you see that the links-- oh, be quiet. You see that the links pop up, and I can down arrow through those. JAWS: Links to sites of interest... Jim: And... if you know what your link starts with, you can hit the first letter that link and it'll jump right to it. Cause I just hit an M, let's hit a D JAWS: D, description... Jim: Description. JAWS: D, dishes and appetizers. Jim: Dishes and appetizers. JAWS: D, driving directions Jim: So if you know-- if you can remember what your link started with, rather than tabbing through to find it, you can just pull your links list and hit the first letter, and it'll top up. And then you can choose whether you want to activate the link or just to move to it. The default is when you hit enter, it's going to automatically activate that link and do whatever you need it to do. Notice, also on this display here, we can show all of the links, or only the visited links... JAWS: Display visited links only, radio button checked... Jim: Or we can do the... the unvisited links. JAWS: Display unvisited links, radio... Jim: We can do them in tab order, or we can sort them alphabetically. So, there's many ways, within JAWS, that you can filter your information, versus just hitting the tab key and going through... your page. So, I'm going to go ahead and escape out of this. JAWS: Escape. Jim: And so we can hit tab. JAWS: Tab. Dishes and appetizers, same page link. Jim: And... JAWS, since I have it magnified pretty much, it puts the link down at the very bottom of the page. So, it's just highlighted down there, and you can-- there it is. And then if we hit enter... it would -- it would open it. And... so let's do a... It said we could find unvisisted links-- or visited links-- so I'm going to go to a visited link that I've already been to; I'm going to just hit the V... key. Not hitting any other key, just the V. JAWS: Visited link, graphic, Freedom Scientific logo, press Alt plus Enter for long descrip... Jim: So it jumped me down to the unvisit-- or to the visited link, which is Freedom Scientific, down here at the bottom of the page. Everything else is unvisited. That's just to show you what's there. [ Computer screen end: ] So I'm going to go to the top of the page. This is an important key, Control Home will get us to the top of the page again. JAWS: Jim's cafe at Innisport. [ Title Start ] CTRL+Home Go to Top of Page [Title End ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of pratice page Jim's Cafe at Innisport Description End: Jim: And when we're tabbing through a link, it's like, what do I need to find? JAWS: Reputation-- Tab. Dishes-- Tab. Driv-- Tab. Links to sites of interest, same... Jim: Oop, And then you say, "Wait I missed a link!,", so I can hit the Shift Tab... [ Title Start ] Shift+Tab Move back to previous links [Title End ] JAWS: Shift Tab, driving directions... Jim: And move backwards through the tabs. You can do that with the visited link and unvisited links, also. So if I do a U to go to the next unvisited link. [ Title Start ] U. Move to unvisited links only [Title End ] JAWS: Same page link, driving directions. Jim: Okay. That's one, and I'm going to hit a U again, go to the next one. JAWS: Same page link, links to sites of interest. Jim: Links to sites of interest. I can do the Shift U and jump backwards. Same page link, driving directions. Jim: And move backwards through the unvisited links. [ Computer screen end: ] I can do the same with the visited links. So if I hit a V. JAWS: Visited link, graphic, Freedom Scientific logo, press Alt plus Enter for long description. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of web page Links to Sites of Interest Description End: Jim: And if I hit a Shift V... there's another one way up at the top of the page. JAWS: Visited same page link, dishes and appetizers. Jim: So, it jumped me up there. Now, notice that JAWS moved, but the screen didn't move, so there's some things where the... JAWS will do things, but it won't always move the screen. But if I hit Enter, it would go ahead and do that... do the link, just like it was, if you were sitting on it. So, that's what we need to know about links. [ Computer screen end: ] Really handy, is that Insert F7 and using the V for visited, or the U for unvisit, and remember that you can always do the Shift and the U, or the Shift and the V, or the Shift and the Tab and move backwards. All right. [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Links Content: Links Practice Page (www.freedomscientific.com/Training/Surfs-Up/Jims_Cafe.htm) • Tab Key • U - Unvisited Links • V - visited links • Enter - Open link in same tab • Control+Enter - open link and move to New Tab • Control+Shift+Enter - open link in New Tab, stay on same page • Insert+F7 - List of Links (NVDA Insert+F7, Alt+K) • N - next non-link text Description End: So there is one other little thing that I'm going to show you on the links. There's the Control Enter. So, if you... are on a link, when you hit Enter it up in the same page, but if you hit Control and Enter, it will open in a new tab. [ Slide end: ] Let's go ahead and do that quickly. Just so you can see. JAWS: Alt Tab, Jim's cafe at Innisport, dash, Mozilla Firefox. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of web page Links to Sites of Interest Description End: Jim: So, I'm going to go the Freedom Scientific link, because that's a link that actually worked. And that's a visited link. JAWS: Visited link, Graphic, Freedom Scientific logo, press Alt plus Enter for long description. Jim: So I'm going to hit Control and Enter. JAWS: Control enter. New tab page, Freedom Scientific logo-- Jim: And... I don't know if you noticed it, but there is a new tab on my screen and Freedom Scientific is now opened. [ Slide end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of web page Freedom Scientific home page. Description End: So that's pretty handy sometimes, so you don't have to keep hitting back, or remembering where it was that you were, or you just want to see if that page has something on it, and then go "No, that's not what I was looking for." Then, you still have your original page open. [ Computer screen end: ] Chapter 3. Headings JAWS: Alt Tab, navigating... Jim: Now we're going to go back to our-- our... handout, and we're going to do headings. [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Headings Content: Headings Practice Page (www.freedomscientific.com/Training/Surfs-Up/Jims_Cafe.htm) • H - Heading • 1-6-Headingtype • Insert+F6 - List of Headings (NVDA Insert+F7, Alt+H) Description End: Now, headings, you can Arrow through your document and JAWS will read you the headings, but there's also some navigation keys that you can use to navigate by heading. [ Slide end: ] And you can get a headings list, or if you know that- that you have a particular type of heading, because headings come... in... flavors or heading 1, which is a major heading all the way down to major-- heading 6, which is somewhat minor heading. [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Headings Content: Headings Practice Page (www.freedomscientific.com/Training/Surfs-Up/Jims_Cafe.htm) • H - Heading • 1-6-Headingtype • Insert+F6 - List of Headings (NVDA Insert+F7, Alt+H) Description End: So if you think of an outline, you know, your headings 1s will be great big ones, and then the Bs would be-- or the headings 2s are indented one, and the headings 3 are indented some more. So, you can navigate by those, also. JAWS will tell you all of that information, as will NVDA. [ Slide end: ] So let's go back to our... Jim's Cafe Surf's Up practice page. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of pratice page Jim's Cafe at Innisport Description End: We're going to jump back to the top of the page with a Control Home. JAWS: Jim's cafe at innisport. Jim: Okay. Now I'm going to just hit an H key, not any other thing, just an H. [ Title Start ] H. Move through headings on page [Title End ] JAWS: Jim's Cafe at Innisport, Heading Level 1. Jim: So, JAWS told me what the text of the heading was, and told me that it was a Heading Level 1. I'm going to hit H again. JAWS: Reputation for quality service, Heading Level 2. Jim: And it jumped me to the next heading, and actually moved the screen. Thank you very much, JAWS. And said it was Reputation for Quality of Service and it was a Heading Level 2. I'm going to hit H again. JAWS: Dishes and appetizers, Heading Level 2. Jim: And one more time. JAWS: Poultry, Heading Level 3. Jim: Poultry, Heading Level 3. Now as with the other keys, that we talked about earlier, I can still hit a Shift key and an H and go backwards. [ Title Start ] Shift+H. Move back to previous headings [Title End ] JAWS: Dishes and appetizers, Heading Level 2. Reputation for quality service, Heading Level 2. Jim: All right. And the last thing with headings, is we can get a list of headings. And that is... Insert F6. [ Title Start ] Insert+F6. List of Headings [Title End ] [ Computer screen end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of pratice page with Heading List dialogue Description End: JAWS: Headings list dialogue, headings list view, Jim's cafe at Innisport, colon, one; one of eight. To move... Jim: Okay, so here's our headings list, and JAWS told us that... we were at Jim's cafe at Innisport, it was a Heading Level 1. It said that there were 8 headings on the page. And you can see on the list, here... that it gives us the text of the heading, and there's a little number after it that tells us the Heading Level. And then we can scroll down the page, and see all of our headings, and all of our levels. Now, it says to sort them in tab order. Well, yes, that's just the order in which they appear on the page. You can't really tab to a heading. You can sort them alphabetically, or I can see just Heading Level 1s, or I can see only the Heading Level 2s, and so I can sort by all of those. The default is to always show... all the headings, and you can arrow through these-- oops wrong thing. JAWS: Radio button checked... Heading, list view, top selected; Jim's cafe at Innisport, colon, 1. One of eight. To move to items use the arrow keys. Jim: And JAWS helpfully tells you that you can use the arrow keys, when I'm in the right box. So, I can arrow through these... Let's see if I can... let's try a D. JAWS: D, driving directions. Jim: And you can- you can use first letters... to jump quickly through the list, also. Then when you hit Enter, it will automatically jump you... to-- it'll activate the move to heading button over here. So, I'm just going to hit Enter and not touch the mouse. JAWS: Enter Heading Level 2, driving directions. Jim: And it jumps me right to the driving directions. [ Computer screen end: ] So, again, using the headings, or the headings list, is a quick way to get an outline of a web page, and figure out what it is that you really want to look at. Now, there are times when you want to, you know, the first time you go to a page, I generally recommend people just arrow through the whole page, just to sort of get an idea of what's going on, on the page. Another really useful way... is to get a headings list, and you get an outline of the page. And it will help you figure out what it is you are looking at, and give you a really quick overview without a lot of time commitment. Chapter 4. Forms [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Forms Content: Forms Practice Page (www.freedomscientific.com/Training/Surfs-Up/WebTrack.htm) • F - Form control • Enter - enter Forms mode • B - Button • E - Edit box (single or multi-line) • X - Checkbox (spacebar selects) • A - Radio Button (Jaws), R - Radio Button (NVDA) (spacebar selects) • NumPad+ - exit Forms mode (JAWS), Insert+Spacebar - Exit Forms mode (NVDA) • Insert+F5 - List form controls (JAWS only) Description End: So that's headings. And we're going to go to Forms. Okay, Forms can be pretty tricky. There's a lot going on with forms. [ Slide end: ] You have a forms mode and you can be in forms mode and out of forms mode. Trying to find a form sometimes it's not always easy. And then finding all of the different kinds of form controls. [ Slide start: ] Repeat previous slide So the really quick way to work with forms is-- to find a form, you just hit an F, and it will take you to the first form on the page and the first form control. You can, if you know there's a button that you need to hit, you can also just hit a B, or there's an edit box, if you think there's an edit box, a lot of times the search box is an edit box; you can hit the E, and it will... jump to the first edit box it will find. Also look for search boxes, and look for radio buttons, and check boxes. There's also, in JAWS only, there is a list of all of the form controls on the page, so you can get an overview of what the form really looks like, before you dive into it. [ Slide end: ] So we're going to go to Freedom Scientific's... forms practice page, that they provided. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: Freedom Scientific forms practice page (www.freedomscientific.com/Training/Surfs-Up/WebTrack.htm) Description End: So here's our form. And... we could Tab through it all. We're -- we'll just do that,that's our form way of sort of interacting with things. JAWS: Tab, first name, this is a required field, edit, type of text. Tab, middle edit, middle. Tab, last name, this is a required field. Tab, phone edit, type of text... Jim: So we can tab through all of these and see what's going on. Let's do our... form control list, because sometimes on a really long form you're not really sure what it is that you're looking for, or where you want to go, or you know there's a specific place that you want to go but, you know, you don't want to tab all the way through it. So we can hit Insert F5. [ Title Start ] Insert+F5. List of Form fields [Title End ] [ Computer screen end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: Freedom Scientific forms practice page with "Select a Form Field" dialogue Description End: JAWS: Select a form field dialogue. List one, list view. First Name. This is a required field. Edit, 1 of 23. To move... Jim: So, this tells us-- the form field list, tells us that there's 23... form controls, and... we can arrow down through them. So, we get a first name, we get a middle initial. We got a phone edit. Oops. And then we have two more that aren't labeled-- JAWS can't label what it doesn't, you know, the author has to give you the label. So, JAWS doesn't know what those are, and then we can go through-- and it will also-- so, this... page is partially filled out already. Account information, account number, edit, 24, 68. Jim: So, this will also tell you the- the name of the form control. It tells you that it's an edit box, and it tells you what the content is. And if I hit enter, I would jump right to that form control. [ Computer screen end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of practice form Description End: Enter. [beep] Type of text. Account number, edit, 24, 68. Jim: Okay. It was a little subtle there but there was a little beep. That beep told you that we went into forms mode, and now I can interact with the forms control. Before, we weren't necessarily in forms control, and you had to hit a Space Bar, or an Enter key to enter forms mode, and then you could type. So we can type our account number here. JAWS: 4,6,8, blank. Jim: I'm going to erase that. JAWS: 1, 2, 3, 4. Jim: I'm going to hit Tab. JAWS: Tab. Ordered products, extended select list box. Not selected. Focus braille display, 1 of 10. Jim: And, so, I can select any one of these... with a... JAWS: F-S reader, trademark, daisy player, focus braille display. Jim: So, when I get to the one I want, then I hit Tab, and go to the next one. JAWS: Product, left paren, S, right paren, in warranty. 'Yes' radio button checked. 1 of 2. To change the selection press up or down arrow. Jim: Okay... JAWS is on very verbose mode. So, as soon as I get into the form, it says this is a radio button. If I want to change it, I can hit a Down Arrow. JAWS: 'No' button checked. 2 of 2. Jim: And it automatically selects it. And I'm going to hit Tab. Current call. Action taken, combo box, hardware issue. To change the selection use the Arrow keys. Jim: Okay. So I can do a Down Arrow. JAWS: Hardware issue. Product refund. Replace product. Software issue... Jim: Another-- sometimes you don't know... when things-- how many items are in this form control. It didn't tell us, did it? Let me do a Shift Tab and go back one. JAWS: Shift tab, Product, left paren, S, right paren, in warranty. 'No' radio button checked. 2 of 2. To change the selection press up or down arrow. Jim: So it told us there were two radio buttons. JAWS: Tab. Current call. Action taken, combo box, software issue. To change the selection use the arrow keys. Jim: So, it didn't tell us how many items were in this... box. So-- but if I do an Alt Down Arrow. [ Title Start ] Alt+Dwn Arrow. Open combo box [Title End ] JAWS: Open list box, software issue. Jim: Then we can... arrow through. JAWS: Product refun-- replace product, product refund, software issue, hardware issue, sale. Jim: So, we've got five items. But we started, you know, somewhere in the middle of the list, and JAWS didn't tell us. So, let's... Escape out of this. JAWS: Escape. virtual pc cursor, hardware issue. Jim: Oh, hit Tab. Sorry. JAWS: Tab. The customer changed a setting and was recording in fast foward... Jim: Okay... I am on a laptop-- I need to find my right key. I'm going to exit forms mode. JAWS: Virtual pc cursor. Jim: There. So, now I can look for-- I can use all of those commands I was talking about, like looking for buttons with a B. [ Title Start ] B. Search for available buttons [Title End ] JAWS: Notes history button. New order button. Jim: So these are my buttons. JAWS: Submit button. Jim: If I hit an E, I can go to my edit boxes. [ Title Start ] E. Search for edit boxes [Title End ] JAWS: Wrapping to top. First name. This is a required field, edit. Middle edit, middle initial. Last name. This is a required field, edit. Jim: All right. I can also look for radio buttons. In JAWS you look for a radio button with an A, because they use the R key for something else. [ Title Start ] A. Search for radio buttons (JAWS only) [Title End ] But in NVDA they use the R key. [ Title Start ] R. Search for radio buttons (NVDA only) [Title End ] It's a little confusing, but the handout explains it all. So I'm going to hit an A. JAWS: Product, left paren, S, right paren, in warranty. 'Yes' radio button not checked. 1 of 2. Jim: Okay, notice-- and if I hit an A. JAWS: No radio button checked. 2 of 2. Jim: And so JAWS tells you... how many buttons there are, which one you're on. But it doesn't change the state. So, if I went up-- Shift -- I'm going to do a Shift A. JAWS: 'Yes' radio button not checked. 1 of 2. Jim: Notice that it just told me that I was on a radio button, it told me it wasn't checked. If I was in forms mode, and I did an Up or Down Arrow, would it have automatically selected the- the radio button. [ Computer screen end: ] So just because... you-- you're not in forms mode, just because it's on it, and it tells you what it is, it doesn't say anything, it doesn't change the state of any of those buttons. So I'm going to hit a... a C... for combo box. [ Title Start ] C. Search for combo boxes [Title End ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of practice form Description End: JAWS: Action taken, combo box hardware issue. Jim: There. And still JAWS doesn't tell you-- I wish it would tell you how many items were in a combo box. And we can do X for checkboxes. [ Title Start ] X. Search for check boxes [Title End ] JAWS: Receive marketing promotions by; phone, checkbox unchecked. Insert F1, help. Email checkbox checked. Mail check box not checked. Jim: So, anytime, if I want to get into... forms mode, then I would hit the enter key. JAWS: Enter. Checked. Tab. Company newsletter, checkbox not checked. Jim: And I can hit... JAWS: Space... Jim: ...space bar there, also. JAWS: Tab. Submit button. Jim: And then I hit the Enter for the submit button. Let's go back a couple of form controls. See if I hit another B. JAWS: Wrapping to top. Mailing address button. Jim: Okay, I'm going to get into forms mode. Let me hit an E. JAWS: Order number, 357. Jim: Okay. So, if I try to type, since it says I'm in order number 357; but if you look closely on the screen there's no cursor there. I'm going to type... something. JAWS: Jump to line dialogue. Hit escape. Jim: Oops. Notice it said jump to... line number. So, JAWS was trying to do my first letter commands, and wasn't entering any information. So, let me get back to that control. JAWS: Account number, edit, 12, 34. 12-- order number, edit, 357. Okay, now that I'm on order number 357, I have to hit Enter. Enter [beep], Account information, order number, edit. Jim: I get the beep, and the cursor appears on the screen, and JAWS tells me, now, that I can start typing. So, now I can type... JAWS: H-E-L-L-O Jim: That's gonna be our order number is hello 357. Now, once you get into forms mode, you're always in the forms mode, and... any form control you navigate to, you can type and interact with. [ Computer screen end: ] When you're just in the navigation mode, the-- using the quickies for B for button, or E for edit box, or whatever; you can't really interact with it. It's just letting you explore what's going on. And then you hit Enter to get into the forms mode. To get out of forms mode, in... JAWS, is a NumPad Plus. And that's when you heard the-- when it said virtual PC cursor, then you're out of forms mode, and you can jump through navigating around with your quick keys, again. All right. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of practice form Description End: That's forms, which can be-- this is a really simple form. When you are working with a big application, the forms mode comes in really handy, when there's like 100 form controls on the page. [ Computer screen end: ] You can jump to a specific region, if you remember what it's called, and it's so much faster than trying to Tab through all of these things. It's like, 'Oh, I know there's this button I need to hit on this thing, so that I can jump to the next section, or something like that. We have several teachers who use this for our IEP tracking systems, and other sorts of things, and the forms mode is so much faster than trying to Tab through 50 or 60 form controls to find the one you want. Chapter 5. Tables [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Tables Content: Tables Practice Page (www.freedomscientific.com/Training/Surfs-Up/Tables.htm) • T - Table • Control+Alt+arrows - move by cell (any direction) • Control+Alt+NumPad-5 - current cell (JAWS ONLY) • Insert+Control+T - List Tables (JAWS ONLY) Description End: All right, now we're going to move to Tables, and tables... they, you know, contain lots of information. They can be sort of scattered anywhere on the page. Trying to find the right table can be difficult. So... JAWS and NVDA provided us a quick key, and it's just a T. A lot of these things are... pretty memorable. You hit an F for a form control, you hit a T for table. [ Slide end: ] And, then once we get into tables, we can jump into, what I sort of call, tables mode. And I'm going to do it two ways. We're going to navigate a table just with the Arrow key, which gives you... some information, but you're not really sure how the table is laid out. And then we'll use the table navigation keys, so we can move by row and column. Really, really useful for getting information out of a data table. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Freedom Scientific Tables practice page. Description End: All right. So this is the instruction page for the table. It also has a bunch of tables on it. And we could arrow through-- JAWS: [Indiscernible]. Jim: And... get-- there's mass quantities of information. Or... what-- we want to get to the table because we're talking about table navigation. So I'm going to use my handy T key. [ Title Start ] T. Go to next table [Title End ] JAWS: Table with seven columns and five rows. TV listings with both column and row headers. A table that has the name of the network down the left side and the show times across the top. This is table one, column one, row one, blank. [ Computer screen end: ] Jim: JAWS has jumped into our table; it read our heading, it gave us -- read us a bunch of hidden information, and put us on the first table cell. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Freedom Scientific Tables practice page. TV Listings with Both Column and Row Headers Description End: So we're going to just Down Arrow... and see what it says. JAWS: 8:00 p.m., 8:30 p.m., 9:00 p.m., 9:30 p.m., 10:00 p.m., 10:30 p.m., ABC, Grey's Anatomy, Scandal, How to Get Away with Murder. Jim: Okay, so if we hit Down Arrow, all's we do is move from left to right and top to bottom. So, it just read across this row here, and then started reading across this row here. Told us the information, but we get none of the relationships on how it makes any sense about what it's doing or... anything. So we know that, you know, perhaps ABC has Grey's Anatomy, Scandal and How to Get Away with Murder. At least that's the order in which they were read, but doesn't really tell us any useful information. So, with the table-- I'm going to move us about a being to the first column. So our table navigation keys, in JAWS and in NVDA, is we do-- hold down the Control Alt key-- Control Alt, and then we use our arrow keys. [ Title Start ] CTRL+ALT+Arrow Table Navigation Mode [Title End ] So I'm going to go... I'm going to just do a down arrow. JAWS: ABC, row 2. [ Computer screen end: ] Jim: Notice that... before we were in the-- I didn't have my control locked down-- when I did a Down Arrow, it just went to the next cell. And when I did a down arrow, it went to the next cell. When I'm in table navigation mode, when I hold down the Control Alt, when I do a Down Arrow, it moves me down the column that I'm in. And when I hit a right arrow, it moves me one column to the right, in the same row. And when I hit... another right arrow, it moves me one more column to the right, in the same row. And when I hit a Left Arrow, it moves me one column to the left, in the same row. Now, if I just hit a Down Arrow, I will stay in the same column, and just move down one row. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Freedom Scientific Tables practice page. TV Listings with Both Column and Row Headers Description End: So I'm on ABC, so I'm going to hit-- I have my Control Alt keys down, I'm going to hit a Right Arrow. JAWS: 8:00 p.m., Grey's Anatomy, column 2. Jim: Notice that, because the table is written right, it told me what the heading was on Grey's Anatomy. It said 8:00 p.m. So I'm going to go the right one more time. JAWS: 9:00 p.m., Scandal, column 3. Jim: So, it told me that it's-- the heading is 9:00 p.m. and my data is... Scandal. So I'm going to hit a Down Arrow now. So I'm going to stay in that same column, and I'm going to move down one row. JAWS: CBS, Two and a Half Men. Row three. Jim: So, it just jumped down. Notice it didn't say 9:00 p.m. again, because it assumes that you remember that you are in the 9:00 p.m. column, and it read the CBS as the heading. So it told me CBS, Two and a Half Men. So I'm going to do a Left Arrow now, and it's going to stay in the CBS column, and it's going to jump over one column to the left. And I should be in the 8:30 column, and it should say Mom. JAWS: 8:30 p.m., Mom, column 3. [ Computer screen end: ] Jim: So you can see that, now, with the table, because it's supposed to give you tabular information and it's got row headers and column headers, and maybe more, depending on the table; that navigating with the table navigation keys gives us the relationships between the row and column headers, and the actual information in the table cell. Really useful, especially for someone who can't look at a table, and just get the information and go, "Oh, Grace Point is really at 9:00 on Fox." Which we can tell visually really easily. But if we were just using the arrow keys to navigate the table, it would make no sense at all. But with our table navigation keys; which are the Control Alt and the Arrow keys, we can navigate all through the table, and it provides a tremendous amount of information, and context for what that information is. So we're going to jump to another table now, and just take a look at a couple of others. So, I'm going to hit the T key. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Freedom Scientific Tables practice page. TV Listings with Only Column Headers Description End: JAWS: Table with six columns and five rows, TV listing with only column headers, a table that has the show times across the top but no row headers, this is table 2, column 1, row 1, 8:00 p.m. Jim: So, notice that, again, the title of the table is the TV Listings with Only Column Headers. All of that other information, JAWS doesn't do that automatically. It doesn't magically read the table and figure out what's going on. The author wrote that, and that's hidden information that's included on this page. So don't expect that, when you go to some other table on some non-JAWS website, because it won't tell you that-- not very often, because most web authors don't do that. This is a pretty simple table. We're going to skip that one. Let's go to something complicated. [ Computer screen end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Freedom Scientific Tables practice page. TV listings with Column and Row Headers that are not Marked up Properly. Description End: JAWS: Table with seven columns and five rows, TV listings with column and row headers that are not marked up properly. Jim: So, I'm not going to get into this one today. But it-- this is... JAWS has keys to tell you what the... first... cell in a column is, and first cell in a row is, and you can look at this page at your leisure. It's sort of advanced tables. [ Computer screen end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Freedom Scientific Tables practice page. Various tables. Description End: JAWS: Table with six columns-- Table with four columns and 13 rows. Average temperatures for St. Petersburg. A table that has the average high temperature. Table with three columns and four rows. Table with eight columns and eight rows. Sales Contacts by State. Listing of sales... Jim: So, this is a little more... complicated. We've got multiple headers. So we've got... this is Sales Contacts by State. We've got a bunch of headers going across the top. Then, we've got this division here, on the other side where it says West and Midwest, and then it's got another set of headers under the company. So let's get into that and see what's going on. So, we should be in that first column. I'm going to pull down my Control Alt key again. JAWS: Company, column two. Jim: Okay. Let's go down. JAWS: Region west. Screen readers unlimited. Row two. Jim: So, notice it told me region west, and then told me screen readers unlimited. JAWS: ...address, 52 third ave, column three. Jim: Told us the address. So, we're going to go-- jump down. JAWS: Access now, 115 Webb street, row three. Jim: So JAWS knew that... it had already said west once, so it didn't have to say that again. So, it just told us the information that changed, which was access now. And it also didn't tell us that the ad-- that we were still in the address column, it assumed that you knew that. So, you do have to do some thinking when you are in JAWS... to remember what column you're in, what row you're in, what's the information it already read and what it didn't. [ Computer screen end: ] But it's better than just using the Arrow key to navigate through... the table and just get a linear stream of information. So, I'm going to go down now, until it jumps to the Midwest, so you can see that it will pick up the Midwest. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Freedom Scientific Tables practice page. Sales Contacts by State. Description End: Now, again, this is a table that's written properly by the author. And depending on the website that you're going to, you may find that they're actually written the proper way. [ Computer screen end: ] If they're not, you need to go back and- and review that exercise when it-- where it said... you know, table without properly marked up headers, column headers and row headers. So now I'm going to do that Down Arrow. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Freedom Scientific Tables practice page. Sales Contacts by State. Description End: JAWS: Web access group, 100 main street. Accessible world , 5 N 7th street. Row five. Jim: Okay, so I'm about to jump into the next division where it starts with Midwest. JAWS: Special computers inc, 121 fourth street, suite I, row six. Jim: Ha! And it didn't tell me Midwest. How rude! JAWS: ...company, special computers inc, column two. Jim: Interesting. So, maybe the table isn't marked up the way it should. If it was-- since it did it on the first one, JAWS should have picked it up on the second one, if it was written the same way. Region, accessible world, row 5. Jim: So, it said Region, Accessible World, but didn't say the West. So... sometimes you don't always get out of tables what you expect. But we still get our main column headers, and our main row headers. [ Computer screen end: ] So again, this is table navigation-- remember that we use our T key... to jump between tables. And we can use a Shift T to jump backwards. I'm going to do that right now. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Freedom Scientific Tables practice page. Various tables. Description End: JAWS: Table with three columns-- Table with four columns and 13 rows,average temperatures for... [ Computer screen end: ] Jim: And... so, you can jump forwards and backwards tables, and move around the screen really quickly. And, then, once you get into a table, then you can use your Control Alt, and your Arrow keys to read... the cells, and get the row and column header information, if it's provided; and if you get a little more advanced with JAWS, you can read at least the first cell in a row and a column... with a set of keys that JAWS provides. NVDA lets you navigate with the T key, to jump between tables, and Shift T to jump backwards, and it does provide the Control Alt Arrow keys; so that you can navigate through the table. That more advanced stuff, of finding the first cell in a column, or a first cell in the row, and read what that is; JAWS will do that for you and NVDA will not. Chapter 6. Landmarks & Regions [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Landmarks/Regions Content: Landmarks Practice Page (www.microsoft.com/enable/) • R - Region (JAWS), D - Region (NVDA) • Q - Main Region (JAWS) Description End: Jim: Landmarks and regions are a new type of element that was developed in the last couple of years, to help block the page, so you have... specific regions on the page. There are regions set up for main content, for the header, the search, for navigation, and the footer. You can only have one main region on the page, but you can have multiple navigation regions. [ Slide end: ] And... you can have one footer region, one search region, and... then you have... you can have multiple banner regions. And this just blocks the page into big chunks, so that you can get an idea, and navigate between these chunks of data. It used to be that they had to, you know, skip to main content, so you could skip over the navigation and, you know, jump right into the main content on the page. But then you had no idea where the navigation was, and then you'd have to hit Tab or Arrow around until you found something that sounded like it was navigation. Now the regions are actually marked up with a role that says navigation, or search, or main content, or something like that. And the author can put titles on that. So it can say website navigation or it can say, you know, section navigation for this part of the website. So, they can put titles on, so we get a roll, and, then, so we know what keys we need to hit next. So, if you jump into a navigation area, you would expect that it's going to contain a bunch of links, and you would hit the Tab key to get to the link you wanted to move to. If you went to the main region, which you would expect main content, you could get an H to move to the first heading, or you could just start down arrowing and reading through the content that way. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Microsoft Accessibility page (www.microsoft.com/enable) Description End: So this is a Microsoft page that we're going to. It's no a Freedom Scientific page. Okay. I'm going to jump to the top of the page, which is Control Home. JAWS: Microsoft accessibility, colon, technology for everyone. Home. Jim: So, we moved to the top of the page. Now, let's get our regions. So, I'm going to hit an R key. [ Title Start ] R. Region navigation mode (JAWS) [Title End ] JAWS: Navigation region. Jim: So, there's a navigation region on the page [ Title Start ] D. Region navigation mode (NVDA) [Title End ] JAWS: Search region. Jim: There's a search region. That gives us the search box that's right here. JAWS: Main menu navigation region. Jim: Main menu navigation region. [Indiscernible, JAWS reading content] That's this menu, right up here at the top. JAWS: Banner. Jim: Banner, that's the... part where those pictures are. I'm not going to move the mouse, because then JAWS will try and read that and it will forget what I was doing before. JAWS: Main region. Jim: Main region. That should be... where the features are. JAWS: Search region. Jim: Search region. So, if I hit Tab I would expect to get into the search box. JAWS: Tab, search region, edit, type of text. Jim: Cool. So I'm already in that-- we heard the beep, so I'm in forms mode. So, if I hit an R, it would actually type an R. JAWS: R, R. Jim: Yeah, we don't want that. So, I'm going to hit Shift Tab and get back over here to this link. JAWS: Shift Tab, Microsoft ability link graphic. Jim: I'm going to hit R. JAWS: Search region. Jim: I'm going to hit R again. JAWS: Main menu navigation region. Jim: So, I'm in the main menu navigation region. So, I'm expecting that I'm in this homes products demo thing. Let's hit a Tab. JAWS: Tab. Menu. Home. Home menu. To move through items press up or down arrow. Jim: Okay. JAWS: Tab. Product sub-menu. Pro-- tab. Demos sub-menu. Demos menu. Jim: Okay. So... I was in- I was where I was expected to be. Okay, I'm going to hit R. JAWS: Main menu navigation region. Jim: I'm going to go to the next region. JAWS: Banner. Jim: Banner. Let's see what that is. Let's hit a Down Arrow. JAWS: Heading level 1, accessibility can empower. Jim: Okay, so this is the banner here, where the pictures are. It's the main- main banner on the page. I'm going to hit R again. JAWS: Main region. Jim: Main region. Let's hit a Down Arrow there. JAWS: Heading level 2, features. Jim: Okay. So, it put us right into the main region, down here. [Indiscernible, JAWS reading content] So, notice that-- we're there, and there's no lines on the page that tell us where these regions are. It's up to the person who wrote the page, to tell us-- to map out the specific regions. [ Computer screen end: ] So in JAWS, we move between regions with the R key. In NVDA, we move between regions with the D key. Because in NVDA R is used for radio buttons. So we... so we have R for regions, to move between them. There's no lines on the page. There's no markers that say this is the region. It's just what the author has done and it's specifically for screen reader users to find specific areas of the page that visually we would jump to. We know where the main navigation is because we can see it, on this Microsoft page, and it's a bunch of buttons across the top. We know the main region because that's where the text is on the screen that we're looking at, and everything else is a bunch of navigation. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Microsoft Accessibility page (www.microsoft.com/enable) Description End: Now, all of our other keys still work. If I had a... H key for headings. JAWS: Accessibility can empower. Heading level 1. I'm looking for, colon, heading level 2. Jim: ...which is on the left side over there. Windows, heading level 4, link, Jim: That's a little sub-heading. JAWS: Office, heading level 4, link. Assistive technology Products, heading level 4, link. Features, heading level 2. Jim: And there's features, which is Heading Level 2, which is our main content. [ Computer screen end: ] If I was going to a page, the first thing that I would want to do is go through my regions quickly, to find out what's there. Then I would go to the navigation region and start tabbing through things, because there's a lot of stuff that aren't navigation, like mobile text only, and the worldwide web accessibility. They're not navigation for sight, they're just links that take you to information someplace else. If I want to navigate this site. I want to get to the navigation region, and start looking at how I can navigate through this. Chapter 7. Tabs [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Tabs (Windows Keys) Content: • Control+T - New Tab • Control+N - New Window • Alt+Enter in address bar - open address in New Tab • Control+F4 - Close current tab • Control+Shift+T - ReOpen Closed Tab • Control+1-8 - Jump to tab # • Control+9 - Jump to last tab Description End: The next thing that we're going to talk about are Tabs. And these are Windows keys, they're not JAWS keys, they're not NVDA keys. These are just keys that are there all the time. That the students, or you yourself, can use to help you navigate quickly in your browser. [ Slide end: ] So, it used to be browsers opened up a different window for every page, then they invented tabs. So, they look like folders, so you can have one browser window, and you can have multiple tabs open. And if you're like me, you have 20 or 25 of 'em... But you can navigate between the tabs-- most of us probably grab a mouse and go click. But for students, they don't have a mouse, so you probably want to use a... you want to use these keystrokes to navigate between the tabs. So, you can open new tabs. You can jump forwards and backwards in the tabs. You can close a tab without closing the whole window. And you can jump to certain tabs very quickly, at least in the tabs 1 through 8. [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Repeat previous slide Description End: So you can open up a new tab with a Control T. If you do a Control N, you open a whole browser window, which is a whole different thing. Mostly, I do control Ts, open a new tab, you're automatically in the address bar. If you are-- happen to be in the address bar, and you type an address, and you hit Alt Enter instead of-- if you hit Enter, it opens up the new page, in the current tab that you're in. If you hit an Alt Enter, it will open up that address in a new tab, and leave your original tab the way it was. Really handy. You can use the Control key plus the Numbers 1 through 8 to jump quickly between the first eight tabs. Control 9 will always take you to the last tab. [ Slide end: ] So, if you have a student who's doing a research project or something, and they're doing in Google docs, and they're doing something on Wikipedia, and something someplace else; then they can quickly jump between those tabs, copy and paste information, come back to their Google docs, and... do it that way. Very quick, very efficient. And, again, these are Windows keys, always there, these are not JAWS or NVDA specific keys. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: screen-shot of Microsoft Accessibility page (www.microsoft.com/enable) Description End: So, let's say that I want to open a new tab. So I'm going to just hit Control and T. [ Title Start ] CTRL+T. Open a new tab [Title End ] JAWS: Control T, new tab in Mozilla Firefox. [ Computer screen end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: new browser tab with icons for recently visited pages Description End: Jim: And that opens, automatically, a new tab for me. If I want close that, I can do Control F4. [ Title Start ] CTRL+F4. Close current tab [Title End ] [ Computer screen end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: Microsoft Assessiblity page. Description End: [Indiscernible, JAWS reading content] And- and it closes that tab, and opens the tab immediately to the left of it. Now if I want to move through tabs, I can do Control Tab, moves you forward through your tabs list. [ Title Start ] CTRL+Tab. Move through open tabs left-to-right [Title End ] [ Computer screen end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: previous browser tabs; i.e. Freedom Scientific practice pages for tables, forms, heading, etc. Description End: [Indiscernible, JAWS reading content] So, Control Tab moves you forward through the tabs in your browser. Control Shift Tab moves you backwards. [ Title Start ] CTRL+SHIFT+Tab. Move backwards through open tabs [Title End ] [Indiscernible, JAWS reading content] And then-- remember I said that you can use your numbers one through eight. So, we're on the second tab. Let's jump to the fourth tab. So, I just hit a Control and a 4 key. [ Title Start ] CTRL+number 1-8. Go to specific tab. [Title End ] Control 4. Table... Jim: And it jumped right there. [Indiscernible, JAWS reading content] Like "Oh, wait. I need to go back." So I'm going to do a Control 2, and jump back. [Indiscernible, JAWS reading content] Or I can just do a Control Tab and move one more. [Indiscernible, JAWS reading content] Now, I happen to have... five tabs open, but I can do a Control 9, and it will automatically take me to the last tab. [ Title Start ] CTRL+number 9. Go to final open tab. [Title End ] JAWS: Control 9. Microsoft accessibility, colon, technology for... [ Computer screen end: ] Jim: So, to review in our tabs-- and remember, again, these are... Windows keys there all of the time. You can use them in Firefox or in chrome or in Internet Explorer. I haven't yet tested with Safari, I'm not sure if they work or not, I would think they would. Chapter 8. Browser Keys [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Bowser Keys Content: • Control+F - find in page • Control+Home - Jump to Top • Alt+D - Jump to Address Bar • Alt+H - Jump to History List • Control+J - Download Manager Description End: Browser keys. So, there's an important one, finding something on a page is Control F, very handy. To find text within a page. This is not find, like doing Google, finding it on the web. This is finding specific text on a page. Control Home we already talked about. That's... jumps you to the top of the page. Alt D, will always get you-- always, always, always know matter where you are on the page will always take you to the address bar. And this is just a Windows key, it actually works in all browsers, Microsoft-- IE, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari. And in Safari it's probably an option D... will jump you to the address bar. Sometimes you've been to so many web pages, or went to some website yesterday that you don't remember. If you hit an Alt H, it will jump you to the History list; and this is true across all browsers, also. And a Control J will take you to the download manager. So if you downloaded something, you can just hit Control J, and it will take you to the page where the-- shows you the list of the things that have been downloaded. You can just stay in the browser, and just hit a Control J, jump right to your download and open that. So much faster and more efficient for the students. [ Slide end: ] Chapter 9. NVDA Keys So that's it for JAWS. Now, I'm going to switch to NVDA, and we'll run through some of these same things. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: Freedom Scientific practice page, Jim's at Innisport Cafe, Elements List dialogue. Description End: Now, links list is Insert F7. [ Title Start ] INSERT+F7. Open navigation control (NVDA) [Title End ] NVDA: Elements list dialogue. Level zero, reputation... Jim: So in... NVDA, the Insert F7 gives us our choice. We can look at-- [Indiscernible, NVDA reading content] Oh, be quiet. We can look at links, we can look at headings, or we can look at landmarks. And just to save time, the links is the one that it defaults to. If I hit an Alt H, it jumps me to the headings list. [ Title Start ] ALT+H. Show headings list [Title End ] NVDA: Type, grouping. Headings radio button checked, Alt plus H. Jim: And, then, we can also move to landmarks, and there's no landmarks on this page, but it should tell us that, and that's an Alt D. [ Title Start ] ALT+D. Show landmarks list [Title End ] NVDA: Landmarks radio button checked, Alt plus D. Jim: Okay. So, I'm going to go back to links, which is Alt K. [ Title Start ] ALT+K. Show links list [Title End ] NVDA: Links radio button checked, Alt plus K. Jim: And if I hit tab... [ Title Start ] Tab. List navigation [Title End ] NVDA: Tree view, reputation for quality service, one of 14, level 0. Jim: And so it tells me that... NVDA: Dishes and appetizers, two of 14, level 0. Driving directions, three of 14, level zero. Jim: So, it tells you a little bit different kind of information, and then when we hit enter, the activate button will be... done and so it will activate that link; or if we did an Alt M, it would do the 'move to.' If we hit Escape it... essentially activates the cancel button. So, this is another one of those things where the, you know, student has a little bit more to remember. But... NVDA always tells you what the shortcut key is, and it's the one with the underline on it. So the activate button is the Alt A, the move to is an Alt M. So, I'm going to go ahead and hit escape here. [ Computer screen end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: Freedom Scientific practice page, Jim's at Innisport Cafe, Description End: NVDA: Jim's Cafe at Innisport, Mozilla Firefox. Jim: Okay, just... NVDA: Jim's Cafe at Innisport... Jim: Yeah, shhh... So I'm going to hit tab. NVDA: Reputation for quality service link. Dishes and appetizers, visited link. Jim: We can hit a Shift Tab... NVDA: Reputation for quality service, link. Jim: ...go backwards. I can hit a V for visited links. NVDA: Dishes and appetizers, visited link. Jim: And another one. NVDA: Freedom Scientific, logo graphic has long description, description, visited link. Jim: Okay. So, now I can move using my H key. I can move through the heading. NVDA: Poultry, heading Level 3. Beef, heading level 3. Jim: So, NVDA does the same thing as JAWS, it'll tell you the name of the heading, or the actual text, and tell you what level it is. You can do a Shift H and move backwards. NVDA: Poultry, heading Level 3, dishes and appetizers, heading level 2. Very handy. I can, also, just type my numbers; find the next heading level... let's find a heading level 1. NVDA: No next heading at Level 1. Jim: Okay. How about Level 2. NVDA: Driving directions, heading level 2. Jim: Good. See if there's another one. NVDA: Links to sites of interest, heading level 2. Jim: Cool! And let's go backwards, Shift 2. NVDA: Driving directions, heading level 2. [ Computer screen end: ] Jim: Headings work for the H key, and the one through six, and we saw that we can get a list of headings. So that works. Let's go to the forms now. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: Freedom Scientific Forms practice page. Description End: Jump one tab. NVDA: The new webtrack sample call tracking system document... Jim: Okay, Control Home. Heading level 1, the new webtrack. Jim: So, we can find our button was the B key. NVDA: Mailing address button. Billing address button. Jim: Okay. We can find... radio buttons with an R. NVDA: Yes radio button, not checked. Jim: And remember this has a... forms mode, also. You would have to hit... the Spacebar Enter to get in to start editing things. [ Title Start ] SPACEBAR+ENTER. Enter forms mode. [Title End ] NVDA: No radio button, checked. Jim: Hit an X for the checkboxes. NVDA: Phone checkbox, not checked. Email checkbox, checked. Mail checkbox, checked. Jim: So, that funny little sound-- sounded like a cash register key, or something; that told us we were in forms mode. So, now I can type. NVDA: N-O-W-E-L-5-7, blank. Jim: So, you can see that the... forms controls worked pretty much the same way. Navigate by the buttons or the particular form component that you are looking for. [ Title Start ] INSERT+SPACEBAR. Exit forms mode. [Title End ] Insert Spacebar which is really handy. There, that gives us another tone. So, we're out of forms mode, so we can start navigating around again. I'll hit an F. NVDA: Account number edit has auto... Jim: And jump to the next form control with an-- F always takes us to the next form control. NVDA: Yes radio button, not checked. No radio button, checked. Jim: Now, let's jump to tables. I'm going to go to that other tab. [ Computer screen end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: Freedom Scientific Tables practice page. TV Listings with Both Column and Row Headers. Description End: Okay. If we remember, from our list of commands, that if we wanted to go to a table, it would be a T. So, let's hit a T. NVDA: Table with five rows and seven columns. A table that has the name of the network down the left side, and show times across the top. Jim: So, it doesn't always tell you what column you're on; that you are in the first cell, but assume that that's where you ended up. Also notice that when JAWS was reading it, it read a whole mess of information about what was-- that hidden information that the author provided explaining the table. NVDA only reads a certain number of characters and then stops. So, there are slight differences. And now I'm going to hold down my Control Alt keys and use my Arrow keys. [ Title Start ] CTRL+ALT+Arrow. Table navigation mode. [Title End ] NVDA: Row 2 ABC. Jim: Now I'm going to go to the right with my Control Alt. NVDA: 8:00 p.m., column 2, Grey's Anatomy. Jim: So, it told us it went to the top, found our heading, jumped back down, said this is our content. So, I'm going to go down one to the Big Bang Theory, and it should not say 8:00 p.m., but will tell me CBS. NVDA: CBS, row three, the big bang theory. Jim: It's sort of nice that... this is a feature NVDA that-- always tells you what row you're in or column you're in. [ Computer screen end: ] JAWS doesn't do that. So, sometimes you may get a little lost on... where you are actually in the table. So I find this pretty handy. So again, it's the controls-- Control Alt and the Arrow keys will move you across rows and columns, and the screen reader announces what has changed. If it's the column header, or the row header, and the table information. So, I believe the next thing after the tables [NVDA reading screen] is the landmarks. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: Microsoft Accessibility page. Description End: So we're on the page. And remember now, we're in NVDA. So, the region is-- we use the D key to navigate between regions. I'm going to hit the D key. [ Title Start ] D. Search through landmarks/regions. [Title End ] NVDA: Navigation landmark, Microsoft accessibility, graphic link. Search landmark. Main menu navigation landmark, menu bar list with seven items, home menu item, home menu. Jim: So, you can see that NVDA gives you considerably more information, when you jump into a region. [ Computer screen end: ] It tells you the name of the region, tells you what's in it, and tells you exactly where your cursor is. In this case we're on the home button. Let's get a D again. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: Microsoft Accessibility page. Description End: NVDA: No next landmark. Jim: No next landmark. So it doesn't wrap around like JAWS does. If you just keep hitting the R in JAWS, it will just cycle through them all over and over again. [ Computer screen end: ] In NVDA, it will only go to that-- run through the list once, and then you have to move backwards through the list. And we do that with... a shift D. [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: Microsoft Accessibility page. Description End: NVDA: Header landmark. Accessibility can empower, heading level 1. Jim: Because shift always let's us move backwards. With NVDA we get our headings list-- let's pull that up here, Insert F7. [ Computer screen end: ] [ Computer screen start: ] Description Start: Content: Microsoft Accessibility page. Elements list dialogue. Description End: NVDA: Elements. List dialogue. Jim: So, we can get our headings list, we can get our landmarks list... Alt D. NVDA: Type grouping... Jim: For our landmarks. We can get our links list. These are all one... list. So Insert F7 in NVDA does all of it. It does the links and the headings and the landmarks. In JAWS, it's Insert F5 for forms, Insert F6 for headings, Insert F7 for links. So... NVDA gives us just one key, and you can pick what kind of list you want from there. [ Computer screen end: ] Forms work the same. Again JAWS has extra keys for all of these. But for your basic navigation that you should be teaching your students, these are the keys they should know, to navigate the page, and to explore a page efficiently, and quickly. It's so much better than being a down arrow pusher and a tab pusher. [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Resources Content: • JAWS Keystrokes (dequeuniversity.com/screenreaders/jaws-keyboard-shortcuts) • NVDA Keystrokes (dequeuniversity.com/screenreaders/nvda-keyboard-shortcuts) • Surfing the Internet with JAWS and MAGic (www.freedomscientific.com/Training/Surfs- Up/_Surfs_Up_Start_Here.htm) Description End: Our resources, we have our JAWS key strokes, this is done by Deque company. It's one page. We have the NVDA keystrokes, again from Deque University. I printed them both out, and laminated them, so that I can flip between one or the other. And then, I would recommend that you do this with your students. There's the Surfing the Internet tutorial. And if you want them to be good web browser users-- this is the page. It'll walk you through a couple of things, we did today, in addition to doing much more complex things. So, maybe you want to limit, you know, for beginning students, do one level, and then when you start having to deal with more complicated web sites, moving in to other items. [ Slide end: ] So, the tutorial is really in-depth and incredibly useful, and ought to be a requirement for every student who is using a screen reader and the web; that they go through all of those pages, probably before the end of middle school, so they can be competent, efficient, web users. [ Slide start: ] Description Start: Title: Thank You for Joining Us Content: Navigating the Web with Windows Screen Readers (JAWS & NVDA) February 2, 2016 Property of TSBVI Outreach Programs. Request permission to use content Description End: Thank you, and perhaps, if there's demand, we can do one of these for Safari. Thank you, much. Narrator: Thanks for joining us. Navigating the web with windows screen readers; JAWS and N-V-D-A, February second, 2016. Property of TSBVI Outreach Programs. Request permission to use content. [ Slide end: ] Transcript end.