Transcript Start [Silence] Fade up from black. Animation: Text for TSBVI transform into braille cells for TSBVI. Fade to black. Fade up from black. Medium shot of Dr. Lofti Merabet standing at podium. Tabb: I'm guessing there might be a couple of questions. If anyone has a couple of questions. Participant: I wonder if you had any resources so we can learn about, learn more about O-N-H. [Indiscernible] Merabet: O-N-H? Tabb: Optic nerve hyperplasia. Merabet: Oh, hyperplasia! Specifically the case of optic nerve hyperplasia. It's not a condition-- I'm sorry, because you said C-V-I and I was going to that. Certainly uh that can be related. That is an interesting question because it gets to a little bit of the nomenclature what C-V-I is. Is it quote "cortical" or is it "cerebral?" And it kind of goes back and forth. I'll tell you my thought with that. Cortical cerebral, or should I say, cortical visual impairment to me means damage to early visual areas. So: optic nerves, thalamus, optic radiations, primary visual cortex. O-N-H would be a perfect example of that as it manifests through this, this down -- or I should say bottom-up aspect. These kids or these individuals are typically gonna have visual field deficits and profound visual acuity issues, right? That's how I see it functionally. Cerebral visual impairment. Typically they have decent acuity, but it's now becoming a higher order visual processing problem. So, the information is coming in, but it's not getting up. So, they tend to be the ones with the attention issues, the motion processing issues, all of that sort of thing. It also doesn't mean-- excuse me-- that they're mutually exclusive, right? So, maybe we have C-C-V-I. I don't know. And the reason why I say this is I, I've been in on a number of committees at Perkins and the legislative level and we spend hours talking about the nomenclature and I have to tell you I'm a pretty pragmatic guy, I just want these kids taken care of. You know? [Laugh] And, and I understand that's one aspect that's important but I think if we spend too much time parsing, we won't actually take care of them. And that's what kind of makes me nervous. So your, your point is well taken. We certainly could look specifically at those individuals with early visual, developmental uh -- early visual in terms of development stream versus higher order. I think we'll get there. But at this stage I think we just want to take all comers and try to get as holistic as possible a view of what's going on. Yeah? Participant: Thank you. Merabet: Okay. [Microphone sounds] Participant: Ah yes, doctor. Merabet: Yes. Participant: The uh-- I work or I've worked with a lot of people with uh retinopathy or prematurity, okay? Merabet: Yeah, yeah. Participant: And as you know they, they have great difficulty with spatial orientation. Merabet: Yeah, yeah. Participant: And I, I, I wonder if that's, if that's a distortion in the, in the dorsal uh, uh stream. Merabet: Excellent question. If you can hold that -- if you, if you stay for the next lecture, I'll, I'll have a bit of, of insight for you. Is that all right? Because we're going to talk specifically about spatial skills and, and what is the R-O-P question involved with that. We have not studied that systematically. It comes up, very, very often and I'll speak to you also why some of the challenges of trying to get at that question. But I promise you I, I will hit on, on that. Excellent question.